Emerging Infectious Diseases

Re-emergence of neglected infectious diseases

Cholera is a disorder of the small intestine caused by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The peculiar symptom is multiple watery diarrhoea that lasts for few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps can also occur. Diarrhoea can be so severe that it may lead within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. It spreads mostly by contaminated water and food that has been spoiled with human faeces containing the bacteria. Monkeypox is a contagious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. Monkeypox is generally transmitted to humans from rodents, pets, and primates through contact with the animal's blood. An aves adapted strain of H5N1 is a great pathogenic causative agent of H5N1 flu, locally known as avian influenza ("bird flu"). It is enzootic in many bird populations.